A boat sailing towards the pre-start side of the starting line or one of its extensions after her starting signal to start or to comply with rule 30.1 shall keep clear of a boat not doing so until her hull is completely on the pre-start side.

 A boat taking a penalty shall keep clear of one that is not.

A boat moving astern, or sideways to windward, through the water by backing a sail shall keep clear of one that is not.

 If possible, a boat shall avoid a boat that is capsized or has not regained control after capsizing, is anchored or aground, or is trying to help a person or vessel in danger.  A boat is capsized when her masthead is in the water.

 If reasonably possible, a boat not racing shall not interfere with a boat that is racing.
  

If reasonably possible, a boat shall not interfere with a boat that is taking a penalty, sailing on another leg or subject to rule 22.1. However, after the starting signal this rule does not apply when the boat is sailing her proper course.