The definition of Rule includes: (g) and other document that govern the event. One other document I can think of is the Equipment Rules of Sailing which includes the following:
Applicability
The ERS are rules only if they are invoked by:
(a) Class Rules.
(b) Adoption in the notice of race and sailing instructions.
(c) Prescriptions of an MNA for races under its jurisdiction.
(d) World Sailing Regulations, or
(e) Other documents that govern an event.
Again we have (e) Other documents that govern an event. I'm trying to come up with some examples of other documents that are rules besides the Equipment Rules of Sailing.
ICSA Procedural Rules - https://collegesailing.org/documents/ICSA_Documentation/2021-2024_Procedural_Rules.pdf
Many one-design classes also have championship conditions for their national / continental / world championships which may be invoked.
The US Sailing Regulations
The US Sailing Championships Conditions
The U.S. Youth Match Racing Championship Conditions
The Championships Code of Conduct
The US Sailing SafeSport Handbook.
Class Bylaws
Support Vessel Regulations
As I understand it, a boat can only be protested if the reason for protest is specifically mentioned in the Notice of Race. So a boat could, for example, break the law and be prosecuted for impeding the progress of our biggest aircraft carrier in the approaches to Portmouth or a giant container vessel in approaches to Southampton but the race organisers can do nothing about it and the boat's race result would stand unless the relevant by-law is listed in the NoR, which has potential to cause conflict with those who share our waters. Other documents address items that aren't covered in the RRS &/or where World Sailing has published relevant appendices, particularly relating to offshore racing (safety, night, virtual waypoints).
As per crossing the path of a aircaft carrier, you can refer to the preamble of part 2 of RRS:
""When a boat sailing under these rules meets a vessel that is not, she shall comply with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (IRPCAS) or government right-of-way rules"".
and you can DSQ a racing boat, for sinking the aircraft carrier.
https://www.sailing.org/inside-world-sailing/rules-regulations/offshore-special-regulations/
(See RYA Case 1989/6)
To note, that chart must be listed or referred to in the NoR or in the SIs before it becomes effective for racing boats.
(See RRS J1.1(3), WS Case 98, and RYA 1989/6 itself)